35 To you it was shown, that you might know that the Lord alone is God; there is no other besides him.39 know therefore today, and lay it to your heart, that the Lord is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath; there is no other.

• The Scriptures here indicate that there is, but one and only one God (YHWH), and that he is both creator of things in heaven and earth (spiritual and temporal) or all things.

• The Scriptures also clearly identify the one God (YHWH) as one essence in there is "no other besides him" implying again singularity of essence. But plurality of persons can be found in the example of Gen 19:24-25 24 Then the Lord (YHWH)  rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the Lord (YHWH) out of heaven. 25 And he (Singular, in reference to essence) overthrew those cities, and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground.

39  See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god beside me; I kill and I make alive; I wound and I heal; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand. 

• The Scriptures here show God alone is sovereign. He alone is the source of blessing and of permitting of harm.

• Here Christ also refers to being one in divine essence Jhn 10:18 18 No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from my Father.” and Jhn 10:28 28 I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand.

22 Therefore you are great, O Lord God. For there is none like you, and there is no God besides you, according to all that we have heard with our ears.

• Here the Scriptures show God's uniqueness in "there is none like you" and that he is truly God in there statement "there is none God besides you"

• Philip 2:9-11 echos such a statement of Christ 9 Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

20 There is none like you, O Lord, and there is no God besides you, according to all that we have heard with our ears.

• Here again we see the previous statement affirmed seeing that it is not a novel invention, but that the singular essence of God had been clearly written in scripture, there is "none" like Him. 

• Again YHWH in other passages is referred to as a singular essence, but multiple persons such as Pslm 110:1 1The Lord (YHWH) says to my Lord (YHWH) :  “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.” 

10 “You are my witnesses,” declares the Lord, “and my servant whom I have chosen, that you may know and believe me  and understand that I am he. Before me no god was formed, nor shall there be any after me.11 I, I am the Lord, and besides me there is no savior. 

• The Scriptures here indicates "the Lord"  has chosen a servant and that we may believe in "Him" and further that "He" (the servant) is "Him" (the Lord) or the "I Am"

• We must point out that "the Lord" again is one essence. For immediately after he states "Before me no god was formed, nor shall there be any after me" and yet "He" says that "He" sends "Himself" that we may believe in "Him" by walking through the passage we may clearly identify the singular essence in a more robust manner

6 Thus says the Lord, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the Lord of hosts: “I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god. 8 Fear not, nor be afraid; have I not told you from of old and declared it? And you are my witnesses! Is there a God besides me? There is no Rock; I know not any.” 

• The Scriptures here indicate many things. Firstly "the Lord" is "King of Israel" and also "his Redeemer" (Savior). Secondly He states, "I am the first and the last". Thirdly "There is no (other) Rock". Lastly that "besides me there is no god" and that He "knows not any"

• We should Identify that in this passage "the Father" is inferred as speaking and referring to "Himself" or the divine essence.

• "The Lord" is "King of Israel" also correlates to Mat ( 2:2, 27:11, 27:29, 27:29, 27:37, 27:42 ) Mrk ( 15:2, 15:9, 15:12, 15:18, 15:26) Lk ( 23:3, 23:37, 23:38) Jhn ( 18:33, 18:39, 19:3, 19:14-15, 19:19, 19:21) and also Jhn 1:49, Mrk 15:32, 1 Tim 6:14-15, Rev 17:14 and Rev 19:16. This shows the one divine essence in common confirming that Jesus is in fact God and also one with the Father as he says, "" I and the Father are one."" Jhn 10:30 and, "... “Have I been with you so long, and you still do not know me, Philip? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’ " Jhn 14:9

• Again Christ refers to Himself in Rev 12:13 as " the First and the Last"

• Again also Christ is refered to as the Rock 1 Cor 10:4, "" and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ."", and also 1 Ptr 2:6-8, Rom 9:33

• And to conclude the passage He says "besides me there is no God" implying singularity of essence

22 “Turn to me and be saved,  all the ends of the earth!  For I am God, and there is no other. 23 By myself I have sworn;  from my mouth has gone out in righteousness  a word that shall not return: ‘To me every knee shall bow,   every tongue shall swear allegiance.’ 24 “Only in the Lord, it shall be said of me, are righteousness and strength; to him shall come and be ashamed  all who were incensed against him. 25 In the Lord all the offspring of Israel shall be justified and shall glory.”

• Here we can see that " the Lord saves" speaking of YHWH.  And yet we see passages such as Matt 1:21,  "She will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.” This in turn implies the same divine essence of YHWH. For no one can be saved unless they turn to God.

• "To me every knee shall bow,   every tongue shall swear allegiance", is not only said here about YHWH, but referred to in the NT about Christ specifically. Philip 2:10-11

• Here also we see that Christ also is not only one with the Father and the Spirit, but also "justifies" "Israel" (YHWH justifies Israel), in, "In the Lord all the offspring of Israel shall be justified and shall glory.” But referring to the NT once more we see a litany of passages. Rom 3:26 puts it explicitly, "It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus." other passages also include Rom 5:9, Gal 2:16, 1 Cor 6:11

• We also know from this passage that this is not speaking of multiple gods, but one essence alone. firstly because He continuously refers to Himself. And secondly he explicitly states, "For I am God, and there is no other,"

29 Jesus answered, “The most important is, ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.

• Here Jesus reaffirms the Shema. But what he also does is clarify what is meant by it, that being that God is of one essence. He clarifies this when he says, "I and the Father are one." Jhn 10:30, "Jesus said to him, Have I been with you so long, and you still do not know me, Philip? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, "Show us the Father"?" Jhn 14:9, and Jhn 5:18 "This was why the Jews were seeking all the more to kill him, because not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was calling God his own Father, making himself equal to God." And many other passages.

• Therefore what should be understood after such passages is this. Since Jesus himself reaffirms the Shema and for that matter Monotheism, his later claims to deity deepen the understanding of what "one" means. This being the unity of essence. For, Jesus himself declares YHWH is one and then identifies himself either, directly or indirectly as being one and the same with Him.

• Example : Pslm 107 "23Some went down to the sea in ships, doing business on the great waters; 24 they saw the deeds of the Lord, his wondrous works in the deep. 25 For he commanded and raised the stormy wind which lifted up the waves of the sea. 26 They mounted up to heaven; they went down to the depths; their courage melted away in their evil plight; 27 they reeled and staggered like drunken men and were at their wits' end. 28 Then they cried to the Lord in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress. 29 He made the storm be still, and the waves of the sea were hushed. 30 Then they were glad that the waters were quiet  and he brought them to their desired haven." 

Mrk 4:39-41 "35 On that day, when evening had come, he said to them, “Let us go across to the other side.” 36 And leaving the crowd, they took him with them in the boat, just as he was. And other boats were with him. 37 And a great windstorm arose, and the waves were breaking into the boat, so that the boat was already filling. 38 But he was in the stern, asleep on the cushion. And they woke him and said to him, “Teacher, do you not care that we are perishing?” 39 And he awoke and rebuked the wind and said to the sea, “Peace! Be still!” And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm. 40 He said to them, “Why are you so afraid? Have you still no faith?” 41 And they were filled with great fear and said to one another, “Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?”

4 Therefore, as to the eating of food offered to idols, we know that “an idol has no real existence,” and that “there is no God but one.” 5 For although there may be so-called gods in heaven or on earth—as indeed there are many “gods” and many “lords”— 6 yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.

• The Scriptures here show us that there are many so called "gods' and "lords", but they are not actually God. Then as Paul goes on he states "yet for us there is one God". He then proceeds to name the Father saying, "from whom are all things and for whom we exist". Next he names Christ as the "one Lord" ( a title reserved for YHWH) and then again names the same things he attributed to the Father to Christ, when he says of Christ, "through whom are all things and through whom we exist".

19 You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe—and shudder!

• Here is a quick point by James that even the demons know that God is but one. This also points to the unity of essence from passages such as Matt ( 8:28-34 ) Mrk ( 1:23=24, 5:6-13 ) Lke ( 4:33-41, 8:26-33) and Acts ( 19:5) for they acknowledge they "know" Jesus and fear Him.

3 “You shall have no other gods before me.

• Here and also in the Shema, are the two clearest passages that YHWH shares his glory with no one. setting the standard that he is purely monotheistic and that He alone should be worshipped.

14 You shall not go after other gods, the gods of the peoples who are around you— 15 for the Lord your God in your midst is a jealous God—lest the anger of the Lord your God be kindled against you, and he destroy you from off the face of the earth. 

• Here we should notice that God is a "jealous God". This point supports both unity and monotheism in the Trinity. For if it were not so, the persons of the Trinity would be in strife against one another. Because YHWH also says, “I am the Lord; that is my name; my glory I give to no other, nor my praise to carved idols.” Isa 42:8. Yet Christ says, "And now, Father, glorify me in your own presence with the glory that I had with you before the world existed." Jhn 17:5

17 They sacrificed to demons that were no gods, to gods they had never known, to new gods that had come recently, whom your fathers had never dreaded. 

• Here we should notice the Scripture point out that demons themselves mascaraed as false gods and that sacrifice (spiritual or physical (Rom 12:1 )) should be given to the true God alone. Paul elsewhere states, “No, I imply that what pagans sacrifice they offer to demons and not to God. I do not want you to be participants with demons.” 1 Cor 10:20

4 For great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised; he is to be feared above all gods. 5 For all the gods of the peoples are worthless idols, but the Lord made the heavens. 

• Here the Scriptures note that He is to be feared above all so called "gods". It also rightly points out that the reason for this is because "the Lord made the heavens." distinguishing Him as the sole creator. even the creator of the things use to make "worthless idols".

35 The Lord made a covenant with them and commanded them, “You shall not fear other gods or bow yourselves to them or serve them or sacrifice to them, 36 but you shall fear the Lord, who brought you out of the land of Egypt with great power and with an outstretched arm. You shall bow yourselves to him, and to him you shall sacrifice. 

• Here the Scriptures note strict worship to Him alone. This including sacrifice and "fear" (honor and respect)

• The passage states also "you shall fear the Lord" and "You shall bow yourselves to him, and to him you shall sacrifice." Paul later in Rom 12:1 says, "I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship." And also says, "so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth,  and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." Philp 2:10-11

5I am the Lord, and there is no other, besides me there is no God, I equip you, though you do not know me

• Not only does YHWH reaffirm that there are no other true gods like Him. He also shows us that He, "equips" (sustains) us even if we do not know Him. This not only points to his role as creator and sustainer, but to his mercy

1. The Triple Point of Water

At the triple point, water simultaneously exists as solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapor)—three distinct states, yet all the same substance (H₂O).

• Each form is truly water, not a different thing.

• None is merely a “part” of water, but each fully is water.

• The distinction lies in state, not essence.
  
  

2. Three Circles Drawn Directly on Each Other

Imagine three circles perfectly superimposed on one another; each distinct in identity, yet inseparable in being.

• They share the same center, space, and substance.

• Each circle is fully present wherever the others are.

• The distinction lies in relation, not in composition.
  
  

3. The Three Dimensions of Space

Space has length, width, and height—three distinct dimensions, yet all form one space.

• None can exist independently; each implies the others.

• Together, they constitute a single reality.

• The distinction lies in form and relation, not in nature.

4. Three Infinities Added as One

In mathematics, ∞ + ∞ + ∞ = ∞.
There are three infinities, each fully infinite, yet the sum remains one infinity—not greater, not lesser.

• Each infinity is distinct in identity, yet identical in nature.
  
  

• Infinity cannot be divided, diminished, or multiplied in essence.
  
  

• The distinction lies in logical relation, not in substance.
  
  

Thus, just as three infinities do not make a greater infinity, three who are infinite in being do not make three gods, but one.